References
Altman, D. G., and J. M. Bland. 1999. “Statistics Notes: Variables
and Parameters.” BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) 318 (7199):
1667. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.318.7199.1667.
Altman, Douglas G., and J. Martin Bland. 1995. “The Normal
Distribution.” BMJ: British Medical Journal 310
(6975): 298–98. https://www.jstor.org/stable/29726236.
Astorino, T. A., M. M. Schubert, E. Palumbo, et al. 2013.
“Magnitude and Time Course of Changes in Maximal Oxygen Uptake in
Response to Distinct Regimens of Chronic Interval Training in Sedentary
Women.” Journal Article. Eur J Appl Physiol 113 (9):
2361–69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-013-2672-1.
Bates, Douglas, Martin Mächler, Ben Bolker, and Steve Walker. 2015.
“Fitting Linear Mixed-Effects Models Using
Lme4.” Journal of Statistical Software 67 (1): 48. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v067.i01.
Broman, Karl W., and Kara H. Woo. 2018. “Data Organization in
Spreadsheets.” Journal Article. The American
Statistician 72 (1): 2–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/00031305.2017.1375989.
Doupe, J., M. H. Ferguson, and J. A. Hildes. 1957. “Seasonal
Fluctuations in Blood Volume.” Canadian Journal of
Biochemistry and Physiology 35 (3): 203–13.
Efron, Bradley, and Carl Morris. 1975. “Data Analysis Using
Stein’s Estimator and Its
Generalizations.” Journal of the American
Statistical Association 70 (350): 311–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1975.10479864.
Hammarström, Daniel, Sjur Øfsteng, Lise Koll, et al. 2020.
“Benefits of Higher Resistance-Training Volume Are Related to
Ribosome Biogenesis.” Journal Article. The Journal of
Physiology 598 (3): 543–65. https://doi.org/10.1113/JP278455.
Haun, C. T., C G. Vann, C. Brooks Mobley, et al. 2019.
“Pre-Training Skeletal Muscle Fiber Size and Predominant Fiber
Type Best Predict Hypertrophic Responses to 6 Weeks of Resistance
Training in Previously Trained Young Men.” Journal Article.
Frontiers in Physiology 10 (297). https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.00297.
Haun, C. T., C. G. Vann, C. B. Mobley, et al. 2018. “Effects of
Graded Whey Supplementation During Extreme-Volume Resistance
Training.” Journal Article. Front Nutr 5: 84. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2018.00084.
Higgins, Julian PT, Tianjing Li, and Jonathan J Deeks. 2019.
“Choosing Effect Measures and Computing Estimates of
Effect.” Book Section to Cochrane Handbook for Systematic
Reviews of Interventions. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119536604.ch6.
Hopkins, W. G., J. A. Hawley, and L. M. Burke. 1999. “Design and
Analysis of Research on Sport Performance Enhancement.” Journal
Article. Med Sci Sports Exerc 31 (3): 472–85. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199903000-00018.
Ioannidis, John P. A. 2005. “Why Most Published Research
Findings Are False.” PLOS Medicine 2 (8): e124.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0020124.
Lakens, Daniël. 2021. “The Practical Alternative to
the p Value Is the Correctly
Used p Value.”
Perspectives on Psychological Science 16 (3): 639–48. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691620958012.
Lakens, Daniël. 2022. “Sample Size
Justification.” Collabra: Psychology 8 (1):
33267. https://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.33267.
Leek, J. T., and R. D. Peng. 2015. “Statistics: P Values Are Just
the Tip of the Iceberg.” Journal Article. Nature 520
(7549): 612. https://doi.org/10.1038/520612a.
Loe, H., Ø Rognmo, B. Saltin, and U. Wisløff. 2013. “Aerobic
Capacity Reference Data in 3816 Healthy Men and Women 20-90
Years.” Journal Article. PLoS One 8 (5): e64319. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0064319.
Lyon, Aidan. 2014. “Why Are Normal Distributions
Normal?” The British Journal for the Philosophy of
Science 65 (3): 621–49. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26398398.
Mazzolari, Raffaele, Simone Porcelli, David J. Bishop, and Daniël
Lakens. 2022. “Myths and Methodologies: The Use of
Equivalence and Non-Inferiority Tests for Interventional Studies in
Exercise Physiology and Sport Science.” Experimental
Physiology 107 (3): 201–12. https://doi.org/10.1113/EP090171.
McElreath, Richard. 2020. Statistical Rethinking: A
Bayesian Course with Examples in R and
Stan. Second edition. Chapman &
Hall/CRC Texts in Statistical Science Series.
CRC Press.
McShane, Blakeley B., David Gal, Andrew Gelman, Christian Robert, and
Jennifer L. Tackett. 2019. “Abandon Statistical
Significance.” The American Statistician 73
(sup1): 235–45. https://doi.org/10.1080/00031305.2018.1527253.
Navarro, D. 2020. Learning Statistics with r.
Newell, J., D. Higgins, N. Madden, et al. 2007. “Software for
Calculating Blood Lactate Endurance Markers.” Journal Article.
Journal of Sports Sciences 25 (12): 1403–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410601128922.
Peng, R. D. 2011. “Reproducible Research in Computational
Science.” Journal Article. Science 334 (6060): 1226–27.
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1213847.
Peng, R. D., F. Dominici, and S. L. Zeger. 2006. “Reproducible
Epidemiologic Research.” Journal Article. Am J Epidemiol
163 (9): 783–89. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwj093.
Pinheiro, José C., and Douglas M. Bates. 2000. Mixed-Effects Models
in S and S-PLUS. Statistics and
Computing. Springer.
Rafi, Zad, and Sander Greenland. 2020. “Semantic and Cognitive
Tools to Aid Statistical Science: Replace Confidence and Significance by
Compatibility and Surprise.” BMC Medical Research
Methodology 20 (1): 244. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-020-01105-9.
Rønnestad, Bent R., Håvard Hamarsland, Joar Hansen, et al. 2021.
“Five Weeks of Heat Training Increases Haemoglobin Mass in Elite
Cyclists.” Experimental Physiology 106 (1): 316–27. https://doi.org/10.1113/EP088544.
Rønnestad, Bent R., Ole Martin Lid, Joar Hansen, et al. 2022.
“Heat Suit Training Increases Hemoglobin Mass in Elite
Cross-Country Skiers.” Scandinavian Journal of Medicine &
Science in Sports, March, sms.14156. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.14156.
Shinohara, Kikunori, Akitaka Yanagisawa, Yutaka Kagota, et al. 1999.
“Physiological Changes in Pachinko
Players; Beta-endorphin,
Catecholamines, Immune System Substances and
Heart Rate.” APPLIED HUMAN SCIENCE Journal of
Physiological Anthropology 18 (2): 37–42. https://doi.org/10.2114/jpa.18.37.
Sokal, Robert R., and F. James Rohlf. 2012. Biometry : The
Principles and Practice of Statistics in Biological Research.
[Extensively rev.] 4th. W.H. Freeman.
Spiegelhalter, D. J. 2019a. The Art of Statistics : How to Learn
from Data. Book. First US edition. Basic Books.
Spiegelhalter, D. J. 2019b. The Art of Statistics : How to Learn
from Data. Book. First US edition. Basic Books.
Stephen, G. Powell, R. Baker Kenneth, and Lawson Barry. 2009.
“Errors in Operational Spreadsheets.” Journal Article.
Journal of Organizational and End User Computing (JOEUC) 21
(3): 24–36. https://doi.org/10.4018/joeuc.2009070102.
Wagenmakers, Eric-Jan, Šimon Kucharský, Johnny Van Doorn, and Don Van
Den Bergh. 2023. Accessible and Sustainable Statistics
with JASP. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/ud2vj.
Wasserman, Karlman, ed. 2005. Principles of Exercise Testing and
Interpretation: Including Pathophysiology and Clinical
Applications. 4. ed., [Nachdr.]. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Wasserstein, Ronald L., Allen L. Schirm, and Nicole A. Lazar. 2019.
“Moving to a World Beyond ‘
p < 0.05’.” The
American Statistician 73 (sup1): 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/00031305.2019.1583913.
Wickham, Hadley. 2014. “Tidy Data.” Journal Article.
Journal of Statistical Software; Vol 1, Issue 10 (2014). https://www.jstatsoft.org/v059/i10.
Yuan, ChunHong. 2025. University Football Injury Prediction
Dataset. Kaggle. https://doi.org/10.34740/KAGGLE/DSV/12653694.
Ziemann, Mark, Yotam Eren, and Assam El-Osta. 2016. “Gene Name
Errors Are Widespread in the Scientific Literature.” Journal
Article. Genome Biology 17 (1): 177. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-016-1044-7.